Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension?

Family history is recognized as a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it reflects genetic predispositions that an individual cannot change. Hypertension often runs in families, suggesting that genetic factors may influence blood pressure regulation, the body's response to salt, and overall cardiovascular health.

In contrast, the other factors listed, such as increased sodium intake, lack of exercise, and alcohol consumption, are considered modifiable. These lifestyle behaviors can be altered to help reduce the risk of developing hypertension or to manage existing high blood pressure. For example, dietary changes to reduce sodium intake, increasing physical activity levels, and moderating alcohol consumption can significantly impact blood pressure control. Understanding the distinction between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors is essential in managing hypertension and promoting heart health effectively.